What are the symptoms of vitamin D deficiency?
Many people have no symptoms, or only vague ones such as tiredness or aches. Other symptoms may be:
* Muscle pains or muscle weakness. In more severe deficiency, this may cause difficulty standing up or climbing stairs, or can lead to the person walking with a ‘waddling’ pattern.
* Bone pains, often in the back, hips or legs.
* Children with severe deficiency may have soft skull or leg bones. This can make the legs look curved or bow-legged. Other symptoms in children are poor growth and delayed/weak teeth.
* Muscle spasms (cramps), seizures and breathing difficulties can occur in babies and children with very severe deficiency.
Are there any complications from vitamin D deficiency?
Mild or short-lived vitamin D deficiency usually causes no symptoms. With prolonged deficiency, the risk of getting osteoporosis (bone thinning and fractures in old age) is probably increased. The risk of getting other diseases might also be increased. This is uncertain, but it is possible that vitamin D helps to prevent some conditions such as diabetes, heart disease and cancer.
Prolonged, severe deficiency can cause medical problems, which are:
* Softening of the bones. This leads to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. See separate leaflets on 'Rickets' and 'Osteomalacia'.
* With severe deficiency, there may be low levels of calcium in the blood. If calcium levels get very low, this can cause muscle spasms (cramps) or seizures.
* Very rarely, severe deficiency has been reported to cause heart muscle weakness, which was cured by vitamin D treatment.